Explain in one sentence what artificial intelligence (AI) is and what it does
Artificial Intelligence (AI), if explained in one sentence, refers to the intelligence displayed by machines made by humans. It usually means that computers can "simulate" human thinking processes or "display" human behavioral capabilities. For example: reasoning, knowledge, planning, learning, communication, perception, moving objects, using tools and operating machinery, etc.
Of course, many scholars have put forward other explanations and insights on "what is artificial intelligence".
Strong Artificial Intelligence and Weak Artificial Intelligence
Humans invented the first computer in 1945. Ever since the invention of the computer, we have always longed to give computers intelligence similar to that of humans.
When AI technology had not yet really developed, philosophers and humanists had already had many extensive discussions on this issue. Based on this question, American philosopher John. John Searle proposed the classification of "strong artificial intelligence" (Strong AI) and "weak artificial intelligence" (Weak AI), and advocated that the two should be distinguished.
Strong artificial intelligence is influenced by movies and science fiction, emphasizing that computers will be able to possess human characteristics such as self-awareness, personality, emotion, perception, and sociality. On the other hand, weak artificial intelligence argues that machines can only simulate the behavioral performance of humans with thinking, but do not truly understand thinking. They believe that machines can only simulate humans, but do not have consciousness or understand the meaning of their actions. Simply put, if a parrot is trained to answer all human questions, it does not mean that the parrot itself understands the meaning of the questions and answers.
Turing Test
In 1950, mathematician and computer scientist Alan Mathison Turing proposed the famous "Turing Test" theory: if a machine can communicate with humans without being identified as a machine, it can be declared that the machine has intelligence. This can be considered a way to detect artificial intelligence.
Although there is still a long way to go before artificial intelligence can truly imitate or replace humans, in today's computer science community, scientists are actually focusing on "what kind of problems" we can solve with artificial intelligence.
How did AI artificial intelligence develop?
Computer science began in the 1950s, and scientists and the general public alike had endless imaginations about computers. However, research on artificial intelligence soon faced a bottleneck—machine programs are written by humans, and when humans do not know the answer to a question, machines cannot solve problems that humans cannot answer. Another problem was that the computing speed of computers at the time had not yet been improved, the storage space was small, and the amount of data was insufficient. The difficulties in the hardware environment meant that early artificial intelligence could only solve some algebraic problems and mathematical proofs, making it difficult to apply in practice.
In 1965, Intel founder Moore observed that the number of transistors on semiconductor chips doubled every year; by 1975, this rate was adjusted to doubling every two years, and the computing power and storage capacity of computers have also increased rapidly in line with Moore's Law. Today, computers have about a million times the computing power of what they had 30 years ago. As hardware storage costs decrease, computing power increases, and massive amounts of data are available, today's artificial intelligence can already learn patterns from data on its own.
Therefore, today's artificial intelligence technology, including machine learning and deep learning, recognizes large amounts of data and allows computers to generate intelligence by "learning" the characteristics of the data.
In 2016-2017, the artificial intelligence Alphago defeated Korean chess champion Lee Sedol and Chinese chess champion Ke Jie successively. In specific areas, artificial intelligence has proven to be able to surpass humans through large-scale and rapid "learning".
Therefore, we make good use of the ability of artificial intelligence to learn and enhance efficiency, allowing it to integrate and learn "knowledge and skills" in multiple fields, such as "image recognition", "speech recognition", "natural language processing", etc., so that it can clearly identify the world as seen by humans, understand human language and use computer-synthesized answers to personalized questions.
Artificial intelligence begins to integrate into human society in various forms
For most people, the closest artificial intelligence to us is mobile phones and computers. As long as we speak to the phone, there will be a voice response, and it will help confirm the itinerary or make a call, and provide the most appropriate driving route planning. All of this is thanks to the advancement of artificial intelligence. Recommended videos on YouTube, Line chatbots, self-driving cars, cancer identification and diagnosis, smart surveillance and crime prevention, etc., these application services will become more and more intelligent and become helpers in our daily lives.
Artificial Intelligence and Our Future
Artificial intelligence can handle workloads that humans cannot afford. Even extremely large amounts of data can be processed in an instant, and errors and problems can be found earlier. Such an excellent assistant may indeed replace human work and cause some people to lose their jobs, but artificial intelligence cannot replace human creativity and thinking, nor can it establish a close emotional connection with people. Therefore, in the future, we may be able to reduce working hours due to the high efficiency of artificial intelligence and spend more time getting along with people or innovating.
For more information about artificial intelligence, you can also refer to:
Artificial Intelligencehttps ://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD
Turing test https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E4%BC%A6%C2%B7%E5%9B%BE%E7%81%B5
How do machines learn and improve? http://scimonth.blogspot.com/2018/03/blog-post_56.html